The Shack Review Essay Example

The Shack Review Paper Article on The Shack I don't complain. On the off chance that water is enthusiastic. We passed. Not any longer. There are books that will recount to the story retelling anything, there are those in which such a significant number of contemplations that cause to stop and think, and on various subjects that recognize in any event one as a significant simply separate the book, not terrible, but not great either much water. On the off chance that the book can be told in two sections, it would not merit writing In the second and third. style, the innovation of the essayist, as the maker of an abstract work about the book as an artistic wonder, leaving their imprint on the field of culture. In this way, I was attempting to state that this book is a wonder rather for otherworldly or clairvoyant field of information, But the accompanying section (I wouldn't fret) is fundamentally the same as joke in what book gives answers to all the inquiries? It is said in the Bible you do discover them all there? What's more, in the event that it happens that very much the same inquiry find two opposing solutions? For instance: don't cover your ability and lilies couldn't care less about their garments But it's anything but a religious question and don't debate. In this proposition, I have nothing to clarify. Here, I said that, and needed to state. Indeed. There are questions and transient, who unintentionally happen over some espresso and you overlook them, not all that significant, and afterward out of nowhere blast and that is it! Somebody said to him unintentionally. Everlasting inquiries are those that pose to themselves and others, in any event the same number of years as we can dive into the human memory, thanks specifically, and writing. What's more, you can not scrutinize the book? Heres what is talked about survey, comprehend the gifts and capacities of perusers to communicate their contemplations? Or on the other hand would we say we are still on the books will talk? You know, Id simply had n ot reacted to a survey, which I would not have gotten the book would be acceptable, maybe, missed on account of inadequacy of the writer audits This is the reason thank you for the remarks. In fact, ineffectively communicated. On another event, I will attempt in any case. Incidentally, imagine a scenario in which you read (regardless of whether unfit to peruse) a book, yet you understand that its equitable not your classification, at that point what. How to state, so as not to annoy the book, with the goal that individuals were not directed in the name and comments? The Shack Review Essay Example The Shack Review Paper Exposition on The Shack The book starts with the heartbreaking story composed movingly - . The dad of three kids pass on more youthful girl on account of a crazy person And afterward based on this catastrophe and give up all hope of his dad assembled a fabulous story of his experience with God, wherein he normally effectively baffled The primary character - . run of the mill American, raised on Sunday going to chapel and supplicate before hitting the hay and eating. On the off chance that it was not over-strict segment of the book, it despite everything may be intrigued. Be that as it may, it is fascinating, truth be told, just to the center. The further one peruses, the all the more irritating crude thinking about the hero, close and now and again the most normal ineptitude. Be that as it may, Paul Young himself is a run of the mill American, so the book is progressively similar to a brilliant pamphlet Baptists, with ewes houses, blue lakes, beautiful meadows and continually grinning and singing individuals We will compose a custom paper test on The Shack Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Shack Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Shack Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Coincidentally, God is in this book - . lady Negro (shockingly, this is as yet not a lesbian!) I needed to accept that Young Paul despite everything stuck, except by perusing the epilog to the book, I understood that this person truly has faith in what this book spares individuals. As a rule, the same old thing for the brain or soul there can not be found. God is love ​​the trademark with banners of some organization. This book is just for US perusers might be for Western Europe. In the comment to the book is composed, the writer shows the peruser to demolish its generalizations, however in reality supplant one generalization others come marginally more significant level. Statement: - Im going insane? Do I need to accept that God this is a major dark lady with a sketchy comical inclination Jesus snickered - . It decimates generalizations. With it, you can generally rely on two or three turns. She adores shocks and, however you might be, this has not seen, has an ideal feeling of time.  » Coincidentally, in spite of the way that in the Book of God says that he is anything but a Christian, Jesus is available in the plot continually, and this awesome story of his penance is introduced altogether reading material  «God adores you - .. Presently this one sentence can depict the book On the off chance that you are searching for answers to interminable inquiries regarding the importance of life , the capacity to pardon, accommodate you or the congregation (organization), or a clinician. They will reveal to all of you the equivalent only not as close and by and by for you. Any cutting edge mental preparing will help you much more.

Planning process in organization

Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses

Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses Marketing is defined as the process of allowing your business to get noticed by individuals who may need or want your products or services.Unfortunately, a lot of small business have a great business idea yet fail in marketing it well. Thus, in order to increase  market share and stay top-of-mind of your customers, think about the popular marketing techniques for your company.Each marketing technique allows you to communicate the advantages and features of your product to your target audience. This is important in creating good will or establishing brand equity with your customers. Case in point, Apple invested much money in making billboards, television commercials, and magazines that display their products in a manner that makes their consumers feel connected towards their products.At the end of it all, it does not matter if you are a small business or a multimillion-dollar corporation. You would not be able to run a successful business if you remove the important marketing techniq ues from your investment.However, prior to starting your marketing techniques, think of the ideal customer you would like to reach. As soon as you have your ideal customer, you would have many marketing techniques to choose from. You can use various techniques for varying stages of your business life or you could use them once your business opens. © Shutterstock.com | faithieIn this article, we will look at six of these important techniques in some detail. These techniques are often called the marketing mix. These are a set of techniques, tactics, or actions used to promote a company’s brand or product for its market, namely, product, price, promotion, place, people, and processes.POPULAR MARKETING TECHNIQUESAs previously mentioned, here are the six popular marketing techniques you have to concentrate on when you market your product or service. These are sometimes called the six “Ps.” ProductProduct is an item that is created or built in order to satisfy the needs or wants of a target market. This product could be tangible or intangible. Hence, if we talk about the product, this could be a good or a service.First and foremost, you have to guarantee that you have the appropriate product to offer your market. Thus, as you develop your product, perform the necessary extensive research for your product’s life cycle. This means that you focus on your product from its growth phase, to its maturity phase, down to its sales decline phase.This is significant for you to take note of because you may want to reinvent your products in order to increase its demand once they get to the critical sales decline phase. In focusing on the product, you also should consider the following in your marketing techniques: (1) labeling, (2) branding, and (3) quality.To help you come up with the right techniques for your small business, focus on the product and ask yourself the following questions:What do the customers want from the product or service?How will the customers use the product or service?Where will the customers use the product or service?What characteristics must the product or service have to meet the needs of the customers?Are there any required characteristics that you missed out on?Did you create characteristics that are not necessary for the customer?What is the name of the product or service?Is the name catchy?What are the colors or sizes available (if it is a product)?How is this product or service distinct from your competitors’?How does the product look?A  product should deliver a level of performance at the minimum. If you work on other aspects of the marketing mix yet are unable to deliver on the product, then you would be unsuccessful and ineffective in your business.PricePrice is the amount your customer is willing to pay for your product or service. This is a critical part of marketing because it establishing your business’s profit and survival.Establishing an appropriate price for your product or service will aid you in becoming competitive and profitable. Begin with incorporating your costs when you produce and deliver your product or service. Then, research your target customers and peg how much they would want to pay for your product or service.If a gap exists between how much you are spending and with how much your target customers are willing to pay, you have to consider a couple of things. Either you have to decrease your costs or concentrate on another market. Just remember that when you adjust the price, this would have a large effect on your full marketing strategy and your product’s or service’s sales and demand.There are a few things to remember, however, when you establish your marketing techniques.if you are a new business and do not have a name for yourself yet, it is highly unlikely that your target customers would want to pay a steep price for your product or service. Even though they may want to pay higher prices for your product or service in the future, it is usually difficult to get them to do so as you begin your business.pricing shapes how your customers view you. Keep in mind that if you have low pricing, it may mean that you have an inferior product or service as customers compare your product or service with your competitors’. On the flipside, if your price is too high, the costs might exceed the benefits of your p roduct from the viewpoint of the customers.Learn how to price your product for maximum profit by watching this video. As you set your price you must think of your product’s or service’s perceived value. There are three main pricing techniques you can use:Market penetration pricing is a technique wherein you price your product or service initially at a low level so you can quickly reach a big fraction of the target market and start word-of-mouth. This technique works upon the belief that consumers can switch to your new brand because of your lower pricing.Market skimming pricing is a technique wherein you price the highest price initially so that customers are willing to pay. Once the demand of the first group of customers has been satisfied, your company can decrease the price that can attract another segment that is more sensitive to the price.Market neutral pricing is when prices are set by the market, with your prices set at the prices of your competitors’. The main advanta ge of the market neutral pricing technique is that it can work through any period of your business cycle. The main disadvantage is that your business may not be maximizing your profits since you only base it on the market.Moreover, here are a few questions you must ask yourself as you develop your marketing technique in terms of pricing:What are the costs that you incur in producing the product or service?What is the customers’ perceived value of your product or service?Do you think that a little price decline could sufficiently improve your share of the market?Could the present price of your product or service keep it on par with the price of the competitors’ products?PromotionPromotion  covers the methods you would use to sell and advertise your products or services. It can increase your sales, not to mention your brand recognition. Methods of promotion could take the form of social media, websites, e-newsletters, blogs, flyers and brochures, networking, word of mouth, adverti sing, cold calls, reward and loyalty programs, sponsorships, letter drops and mail-outs, and public relations activities like events and press releases.Promotion could be comprised of different variables like advertising, public relations, sales organization, and sales promotion. Advertising refers to the ways of communication that are being paid for, such as radio commercials, television ads, internet advertisements, and print media. More recently, there has been a movement from offline to online promotions. On the other hand, public relations focus on the ways of communication that is unpaid. This consists of exhibitions, press releases, seminars, sponsorship deals, events, and conferences.So you can start creating an effectual product/service promotion technique, you must go through the following questions first:How would you be able to send your marketing message to your probable customers?When do you think is the best time to promote your product or service?Would you be able to reach your probable customers through television advertisements?Should you use social media to promote your product or service?What are your competitors’ promotion techniques?Definitely, the mix of your promotional techniques and how you go about them rely on your budget, the message you want to convey, and your target market.PlacePlace as a focus of your marketing techniques answers  how your consumers would be able to buy your product or service. As a whole, this is your point of sale. Your product or service must be accessed by your potential customers. You have to make sure to catch the eye of your potential customers, making it easy for them to access your product or service.There are a few distribution channels you should consider, such as direct retail to the public via an outlet or a store; selling products through wholesalers; online retailing; and using consultants, distributors, or agents in selling your products.As you decide on the place, you must keep in mind your l ogistics and target market so as to bring to the people your products or services. You have to deeply understand your target market so you can efficiently position your product or service and distribute them. There are a number of distribution techniques you should consider, like exclusive distribution, franchising, intensive distribution, and selective distribution.As you create and develop your marketing technique for your place, consider the following questions first:Where do your customers search for your product or service?What sorts of stores do your probable customers go to? Do they shop in standalone stores, in a mall, online, or the supermarket?How can you get access to various distribution channels?How different is your distribution technique from your competitors?Would you need a good sales force?Would you need to go to trade fairs?Would you need to sell online?Whatever the case may be, keep in mind that in establishing your approach towards place, you may have to pay a p remium to get the right place. Actually, always remember the overused saying, “location, location, location.” PeopleKeep in mind there are two groups of people you have to consider.First are your potential customers. You should know that there should be a sufficient number of people in your market that would demand your product or service.Second are the people needed to bring your product or service to your market. You would have to deal with distributors, suppliers, wholesalers, employees, and stakeholders. You have to make sure that they comprehend the significance of offering quality products or services to your customers. This second set of people is significant in your marketing because they deliver your product or service. When you find the right people who believe in your product or service, it is most probable that the employees would perform their best. Moreover, they will be more open towards honest critique on your business and give their original thoughts and passion s that can increase your business.It is important to consider people in your marketing techniques because this can be a competitive advantage to your business.ProcessesProcesses refer to the procedures you have to go through to support your marketing objectives. This is important because they affect how your service is being provided.More importantly, a process that is well tailored can decrease your costs. These could be the processes of when you order new inventory, when you guarantee that your product or service is timely delivered, when you offer opportunities for your consumers to give their feedback, and when you always review your financial and sales reports.The good thing about monitoring your  processes is that you can tweak and enhance them as you go along as you seek to maximize profits and minimize costs.FINAL CONSIDERATIONSAll these considerations for marketing techniques combine product, price, promotion, place, people, and processes. In addition, they also impact one another. They compose the marketing techniques needed for a company to achieve business success.However, if you handle this mix incorrectly, it can take your business many years to achieve recovery. You need to understand this marketing mix well, through research and consultation among many people.

The Roles of Family in the Philippines - 610 Words

Family plays an important part of everybody’s life. In the Philippines Family comes first among any other priorities in life. A typical Filipino family is composed of father, mother, with children and may also include an extended family of aunt, uncle, cousin or grandparent. The father is head of the family and acts as the breadwinner. He makes major decisions in consultation with his wife. He implements discipline in the family. The treasurer and home keeper in the family is the wife. She takes care of the children and her husband. Children are usually closer to her than to their father. Nowadays, there are also working mothers because of the rising need in the cost of living. The father and the mother work hand in hand, to establish and give the life that their children deserve. The children are taught to respect and obey their parents. The elder sibling, especially the girl, is trained to be her mother’s assistant. She learns to look after her younger siblings and to manage the home. Elder sibling also gets respect from the younger ones. Filipino children are assigned home chores to train them to be responsible. The family molds the child’s character. It is where moral values are first being taught. The parents are the ones responsible in inculcating good manners and right conduct to their children that they will carry on as they grow up. Close family ties is also one of the trademarks in a Filipino family. The strong bond in the family is very prominent in theShow MoreRelatedA Look Into Filipino Culture896 Words   |  4 Pagesperspectives and is heavily rooted in Christianity. The diversity of its people coupled with their ability to adapt and tolerate new ideas has created a fusion of traditional and modern. Filipinos pride themselves in their Sociability, religious belief, and Family oriented lifestyle. 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Climate, or the prevailing weather patterns over time of a region, also has drastic effects on society and culturesRead MorePhilippines And Indi Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions1442 Words   |  6 PagesPhilippines and India: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions According to MindTools.com, psychologist Dr. Geert Hofstede aimed to understand cultures and cultural differences 1970s when he began to decades of research and thousands of interviews. What emerged was is an internationally recognized standard model of cultural dimensions. Hofstede analyzed the results of his research and found clear patterns of similarity and difference amid the responses along these five dimensions. There are five mainRead MoreCultural Characteristics of the Philippines 1429 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Characteristics Overview The Philippines has a population of about 104 million people. It is located in Southeast Asia in the Western Pacific ocean. 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Malnutrition has been an issue there for many years as a result of the country’s overwhelming poverty rates (about 27.9 percent of the populace) depriving its people of food, and raging typhoons (such as Super Storm Haiyan) have only exasperatedRead MorePhilippines Annexation and US Masculinity1258 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican government wanted to prove their superiority among other emerging nations and in doing so chose to colonize and annex nations such as the Philippines. Primary resources indicated that the annexation of the Philippines was indeed motivated by the lack of masculinity that was felt by the American government at the time (Hollitz, 2010). Gender roles in the United States were at a point where their stereotypical reputations were changing and women were gaining more social power. This was unlikeRead MoreCulture Is The Most Natural Or Superior Way Of Understanding The World795 Words   |  4 Pagescountries or regions it might come off as rude or inconsiderate. 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Insurance Law on English Insurance Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1545 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Did you like this example? It is arguable that the categorisation of disputes between insurers and reinsurers has served to more effectively resolve disputes in law. Evaluate this statement in view of the development of the law in this area and state your view in relation to whether disputes are effectively resolved and as to whether they could still be better dealt with. To begin with, it will be necessary to look to provide a review of the development of the law and practice in this area of study that will consist of first looking to reflect upon the development of insurance law regarding its general application[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Insurance Law on English Insurance Market" essay for you Create order On this basis, Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“provides the facilities for and is the regulator of an English insurance marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] that began in the seventeenth century and now has virtually no limitations. But it must also be recognised that Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is not specifically an underwriter of insurance because it is actually a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Namesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ who underwrite insurance, but do not actively engage in the industry[3], so it is necessary to look to effectively identify the broker to be able to effectively proceed[4]. Recognition of Common Disputes However, more specifically, with regards to the development of the law regarding disputes between insurers and reinsurers, it is important to appreciate disputes have been found to commonly arise in the following circumstances à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" In relation to issues of disclosure and representation; The binding effect of settlements; and Drafting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" with regards to the absence or use of inappropriate or untested wordings. What has this meant for insurers? Contracts of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"facultativeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ nature in this area have commonly been found to be in slip form, but more recently the courts in this country have looked to assist parties to reinsurance agreements. By way of illustration, any form of reinsurance agreement that is considered to fall within a direct life policy, so as to contravene the rules regarding insurable interests found within the provisions of the Life Assurance Act 1774, was effectively saved by the decision in Feasey v. Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada[5]. Therefore, it may be arguable the only reason that the market practice of arranging reinsurance before insurance may be considered somewhat superficial on the basis of the decision in General Accident Fire Life Assurance Corporation Others v. Tanter (The Zephyr)[6]. Moreover, it is also important to appreciate the ambiguity of words that have also been used in such agreements have been considered to be sui table to justify any finding of the fact the party reinsured should still be entitled to some form of indemnity even where they have been found to have acted to the contrary, illustrated by the decision in Re Charter v. Fagan [1996] 3 All ER 46[7] reached by the House of Lords. How can such problems be effectively resolved? (i) Disclosure In particular, it is necessary to consider the idea of full disclosure specifically so they are then considered fully informed of the risks when it comes to insuring and reinsuring the party concerned. But as to what an insurer needs to be informed about has been found to vary substantially from case to case. Therefore, by way of illustration, this may include à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (a) that the director of a bank was under investigation[8]; (b) that a professional sportsman had already sustained an injury previously[9]; and (c) also where the subject matter was not what the parties actually insured (e.g. clocks instead of watches)[10]. As a result, th ere is a clear need to make sure information is checked rather than simply passed on, illustrated by Assicurazioni Generali SpA v. Arab Insurance Group[11]. (ii) Settlements Generally, it has been recognised that, where the phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“follow the settlementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is used, the reinsured can prove their loss by either being sued to judgment or award, or by entering into a bona fide commercial arrangement, according to Insurance Company of Africa v. Scor (UK) Reinsurance Ltd[12]. Therefore, this may be seen to be in conflict with the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"full reinsuranceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ clause in view of the fact that the policy terms of the reinsured are generally perceived to be those of the reinsurer so that this effectively meant they cannot adopt their own wording where it would be found to be in conflict with the understanding of the reinsured[13]. (iii) Wording Finally, it is to be appreciated that the courts will not simply fill in any gaps left open by the mar kets[14] overturning the idea that, according to Phoenix v. Halvanon[15], there were implied terms in certain agreements regarding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (a) keeping records; (b) investigating all claims before liability is accepted; (c) keeping accurate accounts; (d) making sure all amounts owed are paid and collected promptly; and (e) making all documentation available to reinsurers. But the incorporation of terms has also been fraught with difficulty because it does not create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"back-to-backà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" even though the courts have sought to achieve this[16] so there has been a need to determine what can be incorporated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" mainly (a) provisions directly relating to risk[17]; (b) notice clauses and similar obligations; and (c) dispute resolution clauses expressly included[18]. Moreover, the use of unusual wording (such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"follow the fortunesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rather than à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"follow the settlement sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) will also lead to problems because of the fact that it is unclear what the reinsurer is trying to do in such circumstances[19]. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to appreciate the courts in this country have looked to effectively provide for the resolution of disputes regarding issues of insurance between reinsurers and insurers. This is because, in view of the fact that the courts have looked to recognise where most disputes are likely to arise, the judiciary has been able to develop certain standards in relation to these issues in an effort to resolve disputes quickly and efficiently. However, just because the courts will look to resolve matters amicably does not meant that they will favour the reinsured in all cases where there is a dispute between the insurer and the reinsurer because the judiciary will not look to read terms into any agreement just for the sake of doing so. Therefore, it is arguable that the law is effective at dealing with disputes on this basis. References à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Texts, Article Websites M. D. Carodine à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Political Judging: When Due Process Goes Internationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) 48(4) College of William Mary, Marshall Wythe School of Law 1159 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Halsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law of Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Lexis Nexis, Butterworths (2008) R. W. Hodgin à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Insurance Law: Test Materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Routledge Cavendish (2002) Lexis Nexis Professional (2008) (www.lexisnexisprofessional.com) C. H. Peterson à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Choice of Law Forum Clauses the Recognition of Foreign Country Judgments Revisited Through the Lloyds of London Casesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2000) 60 LA. L. REV. 1259 Westlaw (2008) (www.westlaw.com) Table of Cases American International Marine Agency of New York Inc v. Dandridge [2005] EWHC 829 (Comm) Assicurazioni Generali SpA v. Arab Insurance Group [2002] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 131 Bonner v. Cox [2006] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s Rep IR 385 Brotherton v. Aseguradora Colsequeros SA (No. 3) [2003] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 774 Department of Trade Industry v. St Christopherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Motorist Association [1974] 1 WLR 99 Feasey v. Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada [2003] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 637 General Accident Fire Life Assurance Corporation Others v. Tanter (The Zephyr) [1984] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 58 General Accident Fire Life Assurance Corporation Others v. Tanter (The Zephyr) [1985] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 529 Groupama Navigation v. Catatumbo [2000] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 350 Insurance Company of Africa v. Scor (UK) Reinsurance Ltd [1985] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 312 International Insurance Plc v. Astrazeneca Insurance Co Ltd [2006] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 409 King v. Brandywine Reinsurance Company (UK) Ltd [2005] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 509 Phoenix v. Halvanon [1985] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 599 Prifti v. Musini Sociedad Anonima de Seguros y Reaseguros [2004] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 528 Re Charter v. Fagan [1996] 3 All ER 46 Society of Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v. Ashenden No. 98 C 5335, 1999 WL 284775 WISE Underwriting Agency Ltd v. Grupo Nacional Provincial [2004] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 764 Table of Statutes Life Assurance Act 1774 1 Footnotes [1] See, for example, the decisions in Department of Trade Industry v. St Christopherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Motorist Association [1974] 1 WLR 99 The Good Luck [1990] 1 QB 818. [2] See Society of Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s v. Ashenden No. 98 C 5335, 1999 WL 284775 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Peterson. C. H à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Choice of Law Forum Clauses the Recognition of Foreign Country Judgments Revisited Through the Lloyds of London Casesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2000) 60 LA. L. REV. 1259. [3] Carodine. M. D à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Political Judging: When Due Process Goes Internationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) 48(4) College of William Mary, Marshall Wythe School of Law 1159. [4] Hodgin. R. W. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Insurance Law: Test Materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Routledge Cavendish (2002). [5] [2003] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 637. [6] [1985] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 529 see, however, the earlier decision in General Accident Fire Life Assurance Corporation Others v. Tanter (The Zephyr) [1984] 1 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 58. [7] [1996] 3 All ER 46. [8] See Brotherton v. Aseguradora Colsequeros SA (No. 3) [2003] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 774. [9] See Prifti v. Musini Sociedad Anonima de Seguros y Reaseguros [2004] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 528. [10] See WISE Underwriting Agency Ltd v. Grupo Nacional Provincial [2004] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 764. [11] [2002] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 131. [12] [1985] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 312 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" see, however, King v. Brandywine Reinsurance Company (UK) Ltd [2005] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 509. [13] See Assicurazioni Generali SpA v. Arab Insurance Group [2002] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 131. [14] See Bonner v. Cox [2006] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 385. [15] [1985] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 599. [16] Groupama Navigation v. Catatumbo [2000] 2 Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep 350. [17] See American International Marine Agency of New York Inc v. Dandridge [2005] EWHC 829 (Comm). [18] See Prifti v. Musini Sociedad Anonima de Seguros y Reaseguros [2004] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 528 [19] See International Insurance Plc v. Astrazeneca Insurance Co Ltd [2006] Lloydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rep IR 409.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS) Free Essays

string(34) " to damage another individual’\." Introduction Accounting information systems (AIS) have experienced vast changes in several decades, improving from paper-based journals and ledgers to completely automated, paperless systems. However, the migration from paper to computer has its risks to the company. It contains the confidential information which becomes compromised if it is unprotected. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The unauthorized use of the accounting system can be misused and involved in risking loss of the information, disastrous and bad data input. Security of accounting systems is a priority in many companies. In recent decades, the changing environment has posed a threat to the company. As a system accountant of a large established UK based Retail Company specialising in the sale of household electrical appliances, it is necessary to consider the risks and the security threats that the company would face in today’s business environment. According to Tony Boczko, risk is related to the likelihood of loss, the probability of mischance and the possibility of hazard or harm. Moreover, risk can be defined in several ways such as the chance of bad consequences, the exposure to mischance and the probability of loss. These risks and threats can lead an undesirable impact on both the present and future of the company’s financial activities and stability. Type and nature of both the risks and the security threats Nature of risk The nature and source of the risks can be distinguished into two primary sources of risk which can be categorized as the event/activity-based risk and resource/asset-based risk. By referring to Tony Boczko 2007 (pp. 681), he mentioned that event/activity-based risk is defined as the risk which is associated with the particular event/ activity or the group of activities/ events. The resource/ asset- based risk is the subsidiary primary source which can be defined as the risk which is associated with the possession and use of the resource/ asset or the group of recources/ assets. In addition, Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 681) mentioned that the source of risk can be categorized into four associated secondary sources of risks such as authorized internal employee and external agent-based risk, unauthorized persons-based risk and nature-based risk. The case of the authorized internal employee/ external agent-based risk is the possible loss which can be resulted from the unintentional or deliberate errors. Unauthorized persons-based risk is most likely involved in the risk of possible loss which can be resulted in the possible breaches of security and misappropriation of assets and information. The nature based risk is involved in the risk of possible loss which is resulted from the geographical disaster or meteorological conditions. Type of Risk What are the different types of risksThere a number of differing types of risk that can affect the household electrical appliances company in today’s business environment. One of the risks is unintentional error. Unintentional error is the error which is related to the inadvertent mistake and erroneous actions attributable to the bad judgement in decision making, ignorance and inattention. The unintentional errors that happened through computerized systems are always at of risk power failure of the computer, viruses attack and end up with losing the important information of the company such as financial documents. Furthermore, problems with computerized system could lead to a standstill in usage of the database. When the household electrical appliances company is focus and reliant on the accounting information system, the unintentional error due to the power and computer outage could lead to a work disruption. Work disruption can disable the input of the information of the com pany can access to the stored information. Additionally, if the data is not backed up properly, the company will end up lost its important data. Risk such as deliberate errors can cause the company with the bad and serious implications. According to Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 682), deliberate errors can be explained as the conscious erroneousness and incorrectness whose occurrences are designed to damage, destroy and defraud a person, group of persons and organization. Such errors are intentional and premeditated. What if there is ‘someone’ else hosting its precious and valuable data‘Someone’ refers to the hacker. Hacking is the illegal action which involved in gaining unauthorized access to the company accounting information system to steal and get the data illegally. The big news of the hacking system is NASA’s system. ‘In 2002, Gary McKinnon was arrested by the UK’s national high-tech crime unit, after being accused of hacking into NASA and the US military computer networks.’ (BBC NEWS, 2006) Besides that, the hacker ‘The hacker has also denied that he had made Washingto n’s computer system inoperable, although he did admit he may have deleted some government files by accidentally pressing the wrong key’. (Jo Best, 2005). Deliberate errors brought a serious implication to the company. Besides that, natural disaster is also counted as the serious type of risk in today’s business environment. ‘A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard (e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide). It leads to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience’. (Wikipedia, 2011) As a household electrical appliances company, if it is suffered from the natural disaster such as floods. Floods can destroy drainage computer system and cause the raw sewage to spill with water. Besides that, building and company’s equipments can be also damaged due to the floods. It will lead to the catastrophic effects on the environment as the toxic such as gasoline will be released and caused pollution. Floods can cause a huge amount of money losses to the business. Type of Security Threats In today’s business environment, there are many computer frauds and computer crimes through computerized accounting information systems. Fraud can be defined as ‘deceit, trickery, sharp practice, or breach of confidence, perpetrated for profit or to gain some unfair or dishonest advantage. In the broadest sense, a fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual’. You read "Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS)" in category "Essay examples" (Wikipedia, 2011) As a household electrical appliances company, the internal employees or managers as well as the shareholders can be also fraud through the computerized accounting information system. The information stored electronically can be manipulated and accessed if proper controls and security measures are not taken place. This will affect the operation of the business. Fraud such as account takeover is a serious activity which always happens in toda y’s business environment. ‘An account takeover can happen when a fraudster poses as a genuine customer, gains control of an account and then makes unauthorized transactions’. (Action fraud) The information of account holders such as credit card can be taken over by those fraudsters. Los Angeles attorney Christopher Painter said: â€Å"If you have an explosive growth on the Internet, you’re going to have this great huge growth in fraudulent conduct and crime committed over the internet.† (BBC NEWS, 1999) From this evidence, we can see that there is a security threat on today’s business through the computerized accounting information system. Fraudster can be sued if they found out by people. For example, ‘Bank of America and two of its former bosses have been charged with fraud for allegedly misleading shareholders during the takeover of Merrill Lynch’. (guardian.co.uk, 2010) There are few types of fraud, such as false billing, financial fraud, advanced fee frauds, identity theft and phishing. In false billing scam, the fraudster will send out a so-called invoice for a particular product or service that are never be ordered, fraudster hope that it will be paid for sure from the victim without any investigation. This activity usually happened in large business organization, it is because large business organization has a billing or payments system which used to pay the invoice of the company, fraudster sends out those fake invoices and hope that this will be unnoticed by the large business organizations. ‘Phishing is a way of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication’. (Wikipedia, 2011) It is dangerous for today’s business operation, it is because instead of stealing the personal and business information, ‘phishers’ can affect the computer with the viruses and convince the victim in order to participate in money laundering. Another security threat is computer crime, according to Tony Boczko 2007 (pp. 691), he mentioned that computer crime can be defined as the deliberate action to gain access to, or steal, damage or destroy the computer data without authorization. Computer crime involves in the activity of dishonest manipulation of computer programs or computer-based data. It also involves in the fraudulent use/abuse of computer access and resources for personal gain. The types of computer crime such as the inappropriate use of corporate information systems, theft of computer and hardware, unauthorized access and information theft or the fraudulent modification of data and programs, system failure and premeditated virus infection and disruptive software. It is hard to define a computer crime; it is because computer crime is always and easily be happened in the business organization. People might think that fraud is also kind of computer crime. It is a wide context in security threats. As a household electrical appliances company, premeditated virus infection such as spyware, it gathers the users and client’s information and relays it to the third party such as advertisers. Spyware can monitor operation of the computer, scan the important information and files, snoop on the private applications such as chat programs. By reading the cookies and change the default web browser, spyware can consistently relaying the information from the database. It is dangerous for the business organization, because if their competitors spy into their programs and get the costs and type of materials of the electrical appliances as well as the client’s contact number, the business organization will be easily defeated by competitors. There is a latest issue about the Sony PlayStation Network which involved in the identity theft. ‘Up to 3 million Britons are believed to be among the 77 million users of Sony’s PlayStation Network, which has been hacked into by criminals who have stolen users’ personal information, possibly including credit card details’. (Charles Arthur and Keith Stuart, 2011) ‘Sony, which shut down the online games, movies and music delivery system last week after it was attacked by hackers, has said that although names, birthdates, e-mail addresses and log-in information were compromised for certain players, it has seen â€Å"no evidence that credit data was taken,† but â€Å"cannot rule out the possibility’. (Richard Newman, 2011) Security Strategies/Measures Due to the vulnerability of the computerized accounting information system, it is easy to be attacked by internal and external people of the business organization. It is necessary to implement some methods to solve the serious issues. According to American Institute of CPAs In order to protect the business organization from the attack of risk and security threats, , TOP Technology Initiatives Task Force, which is a group of the technologically astute members of the CPA profession and other technology professionals, collaborated in the AICPA’s Top Technology Initiatives project, seeking to identify the most important technology initiatives. The first method is enhancing the information security such as upgrade the hardware and software in order to protect the information systems from the security threats. Company should implement and upgrade the level of firewall which blocks the intrusion from the internet. Update the anti-virus programs with the logins of password and username to limit access. Besides that, company should hire the experienced network integrator to check whether it is work properly with the security patches. Additionally, company can have a security audit for the independent confirmation on the company’s financial data and client’s information. Through this process, business organization can be protected. The other method is disaster and business continuity planning. It is an activity which involves in the developing, monitoring and updating of the climate change, accident and other malicious destruction. It can prevent the business organization to loss their important information. It is because having the computerized accounting information system down for few hours or few days due to the natural disaster; could lead a bad impact to the profitability and liquidity of the business organization. So, business organization should plan and design a process to keep the system stable to prevent any losses. Control Procedure According to Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 729), he mentioned that the internal control which comprises the processes or procedures within a business organization designed to provide a reasonable assurance that business objective- primarily the maximization of shareholder wealth which can be achieved and those undesired events can be prevented or corrected. The internal control related to the management control. It can be defined as a diverse range of activities designed to conduct, direct and control business activities and ensure the consistency with corporate business objective. For example auditors, their role is to audit the business organization’s internal control policies, to assure that the control within the departments is under controls and adequate, it can help in control the financial statement to prevent the financial loss in order to achieve the mission of business organization. Furthermore, internal control such as risk assessment is also needed to be taken place in every business organization. It is an effective control procedure helps in protecting company. According to health and safety executive, the risk assessment, instead of creating the huge amounts of paperwork, but rather about identifying sensible measures to control the risks in the business organization. Risk assessment is help to protect people by putting in place measures to control those risks. As a household of electrical appliances company, risk assessment is a good starting point; manager can actually investigate and look for the hazard which may cause harm to the business organization. Furthermore, a critical thinking about how the accident could happen and who will be influenced could help in noticing and monitoring the risk. Once the managers identify the risk, it will be easily to control and put a suitable measure on it. Conclusion As a conclusion, accounting information system brings a lot of disadvantages to the organization in today’s business environment, but accounting information system combines the study and practice of the accounting with the concept of designing, implementing, controlling and monitoring the information systems. It also combines the modern information technology and the traditional accounting system to provide a better financial system to manage and improve the financial performance of the organization. How to cite Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS), Essay examples

Pharmacy Advocacy, Integrity, and Respect

A professional is someone that must adhere to the highest standards of his profession. A high-level of professionalism does not only ensure quality output but also safety in the workplace and the sustainability of the operation because the professional will not do anything that would put the firm in a compromising position and negatively affect the reputation of his co-workers and even his or her employers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmacy: Advocacy, Integrity, and Respect specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same applies to a pharmacist who works in an environment where he or she has access to drugs and other medical paraphernalia that can be used to help people or harm their health. A pharmacist must be mindful of three core values: advocacy, integrity, and respect. A pharmacist must have an advocacy. A pharmacist is not another professional working behind a counter and dispensing drugs to customers. A pharmacist must believe in something and use that belief as inspiration for his or her actions. The pharmacist’s advocacy can be a guiding light that would enable the pharmacist to appreciate his or her role in this world beyond the repetitive aspect of the job. In his or her spare time it is this advocacy that would guide in choosing the activities that can help promote responsibility among consumers. One of which is the advocacy to help people understand that it is wrong to abuse prescription medication and to exploit any loopholes in the system to abuse drugs that can be bought over the counter. A pharmacist must have integrity in order to make the correct decision in times when he or she is in an ethical dilemma. Consider for instance if a relative approaches a pharmacist in order to buy a particular drug that requires prescription and yet this particular relative would like to buy this drug without any prescription in hand. A pharmacist that does not have integrity wo uld easily give in and sell the drugs to a relative or a friend. More importantly, integrity is needed in this profession because a pharmacist is knowledgeable about some of the most intimate details of people. Just one look at the prescription medication the pharmacist already has an idea about the illness of the person and in this is the type of information that must be safeguarded in order to protect the privacy of the customers.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Respect is the final attribute that a successful pharmacist should possess. Respect means that a pharmacist does not only see people as mere customers – a means to earn a living. A pharmacist must look at customers as human beings that may or may not be in a personal crisis. Consider for instance the woman who is buying medication to treat his son’s illness or the man who comes in to buy medicine for a cancer that is in remission. Thus, the people who comes to buy medicine has to be treated with respect, the pharmacist must be sensitive to what he says or do not knowing the kind of pain and suffering that a customer may have been going through at that time. Conclusion Advocacy, integrity, and respect are some of the major qualities that a professional must possess. When it comes to a pharmacist these three core values are indispensable. These core values can become a major part of a moral compass that would not only ensure success for the pharmacist but also guide him or her to stay in the right path. These three core values enable a pharmacist to serve others while maintaining an environment that is safe and yet readily accessible for people needing help in perhaps the most difficult times of their lives. This essay on Pharmacy: Advocacy, Integrity, and Respect was written and submitted by user Madd0g to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.